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Protrusion of the lower ribs
This usually affects the lower ribs and the lower edge of the rib cage.
In both pectus excavatum and pigeon chest, as well as mixed deformities, the lower ribs may protrude. Rib protrusion often appears to be the most significant deformity associated with minor thoracic deformity or pigeon chest deformity. The rib prominence can also appear to be isolated without any other obvious abnormality


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