Types of Pneumothorax

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There are several types of pneumothorax:

1. Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax

Occurs without an obvious cause and in the absence of known lung disease.
It most commonly affects young, thin males.

2. Secondary Spontaneous Pneumothorax

Occurs in patients with underlying lung disease, such as:

• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

• Asthma

• Tuberculosis

Smoking significantly increases the risk of both types.

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Diagnosis

Pneumothorax can be difficult to diagnose based on physical examination alone, especially in mild cases.

Diagnosis is usually confirmed by:

• Chest X-ray

• CT scan of the chest (more accurate in complex cases)

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Treatment of Pneumothorax

Treatment depends on the size of the pneumothorax and the patient’s symptoms.

Observation

Small, uncomplicated pneumothoraces (less than 10%) may resolve spontaneously and require only monitoring in the hospital, especially in patients without underlying lung disease.

Needle Aspiration or Chest Tube

In larger pneumothoraces or when symptoms are present:

• Air can be removed using a needle (aspiration)

• Or by inserting a chest tube connected to:

  • A one-way valve system, or

  • A water-seal drainage system

Surgical Treatment

Surgery may be required in the following situations:

• Failure of chest tube drainage

• Recurrent pneumothorax

• Bilateral pneumothorax (both lungs)

• High-risk occupations (e.g., pilots)

Surgical options include:

• Pleurodesis (adhering the pleural layers together)

• Pleurectomy (removal of part of the pleura)

Minimally Invasive Surgery (VATS)

Previously, surgery was performed using an open approach.
Today, most procedures are done using video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) through small incisions on the side of the chest.

This approach offers:

• Less pain

• Faster recovery

• Better cosmetic results

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Dr. Mohammad Al-Tarshihi has over 30 years of experience in thoracic surgery and is highly experienced in treating pneumothorax using advanced thoracoscopic techniques (VATS), achieving excellent results with low recurrence rates.

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FAQs About Pneumothorax

Is pneumothorax a medical emergency?

Yes, in some cases pneumothorax can be a medical emergency, especially if it is large or causes pressure on the heart and lungs (tension pneumothorax), requiring immediate intervention.

What is the difference between simple and severe pneumothorax?

A small pneumothorax may be managed with observation, while a large or tension pneumothorax can cause severe shortness of breath and requires urgent treatment with a chest tube or surgery.

What is the recurrence rate of pneumothorax?

Recurrence can occur in up to 30–50% of patients, especially in young smokers or those with lung bullae.

Does smoking increase the risk of pneumothorax?

Yes, smoking is a major risk factor and significantly increases both the risk of occurrence and recurrence.

Can pneumothorax occur in healthy individuals?

Yes, primary spontaneous pneumothorax can occur in otherwise healthy individuals, particularly tall, thin young people without underlying lung disease.

When is surgery needed for pneumothorax?

Surgery is recommended in the following cases:

• Recurrent pneumothorax

• Persistent air leak

• Presence of lung bullae

• Bilateral or severe pneumothorax

What is VATS treatment for pneumothorax?

VATS (Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery) is a minimally invasive procedure performed through small incisions to remove bullae and perform pleurodesis, significantly reducing recurrence.

Is VATS surgery for pneumothorax safe?

Yes, it is generally safe and effective, with less pain and faster recovery compared to open surgery.

Can I fly after pneumothorax?

Air travel is not recommended until the lung has fully healed, as pressure changes may worsen the condition.

Can I exercise after pneumothorax?

You can gradually return to physical activity after recovery, but strenuous exercise and diving should be avoided for a period determined by your doctor.

Does pneumothorax affect long-term life?

In most cases, patients return to a normal life after treatment, especially when the underlying cause is addressed.

Can pneumothorax be prevented?

Risk can be reduced by:

• Quitting smoking

• Managing lung conditions

• Avoiding sudden pressure changes (e.g., early flying or diving)

What are the warning signs that require urgent medical attention?

• Sudden severe shortness of breath

• Sharp chest pain

• Bluish discoloration or extreme fatigue

• Rapid heart rate

📞 Book an Appointment

If you experience sudden chest pain or shortness of breath, it may be due to pneumothorax and requires specialist evaluation.

For inquiries or booking:

📞 +962779794141
📍 Dr. Mohammad Al-Tarshihi Clinic – Consultant Thoracic Surgeon
Amman – Jordan

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